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Beyond the food sector, sodium benzoate is also utilized in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as a preservative. In cosmetic formulations, such as lotions, shampoos, and creams, sodium benzoate helps to prevent contamination and spoilage caused by bacteria and fungi. This is particularly important because these products often contain water, which can create an ideal environment for microbial growth.

Disinfection is a vital step in water treatment to eliminate pathogens and harmful microorganisms. Chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet (UV) light are some of the most widely used disinfectants. Chlorine is the most common disinfectant due to its effectiveness and cost-efficiency. It kills bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, ensuring the microbiological safety of drinking water. However, chlorination can lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), which may be harmful. As a result, water treatment facilities often explore alternative disinfection methods, such as ozonation and UV treatment, which minimize the formation of DBPs while effectively inactivating pathogens.

Emulsifiers are substances that help to mix ingredients by reducing the surface tension between them. They contain both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties, which allows them to interact with both oil and water molecules. Common examples of emulsifiers include lecithin (often derived from soybeans or egg yolks), mono- and diglycerides, and polysorbates. These compounds can be found in a myriad of food products, ranging from salad dressings and mayonnaise to ice creams and baked goods.

Inorganic Fertilizers are manufactured chemical compounds that provide specific nutrients to plants. They are typically categorized based on the macronutrients they contain nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The ratio of these nutrients is often represented on fertilizer packaging as N-P-K values (for example, 10-10-10 indicates equal parts of each macronutrient).

2. Eco-Friendly Alternatives As the world becomes more environmentally conscious, industries are exploring the use of denatured alcohol as a cleaner alternative to petrochemical products. Its role as a biomass-derived solvent presents an opportunity for sustainability.

Safety Concerns and Regulatory Stance

Colorants, such as artificial dyes and natural pigments like beet juice powder, enhance the visual appeal of food, often making it more attractive to buyers. Emulsifiers, such as lecithin, help to blend ingredients that typically don't mix well, such as oil and water, thereby improving texture and mouthfeel.